Câu hỏi và đáp án môn Từ vựng EHOU, hỗ trợ học trực tuyến tại Đại học Mở Hà Nội
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Câu hỏi 1: ………………………………. related to parts of human body, clothing or instruments people use. However, the meaning of the converted words may vary from the meaning of the non-converted words. For example, a skirt denotes a woman’s garment that hangs from the waist
- Conversion employ a vast number of words
- Conversion employing a vast number of words
- Conversion employs a vast number of words
- Conversion is employed a vast number of words
Câu hỏi 2: ……………………………………… lexicography focuses on the design, compilation, use and evaluation of specialized dictionaries, i.e. dictionaries that are devoted to a (relatively restricted) set of linguistic and factual elements of one or more specialist subject fields, e.g. .
- Special
- Specialization
- Specialized
- Specializing
Câu hỏi 3: …………………………………………. ..may form noun plurals (the Germans); genitive case (headmaster’s); 3rd person singular (speaks); past tense (worked); contracted forms (we´re); comparatives and superlatives (bigger; the biggest) or participles (speaking).
- Inflection suffixes
- Inflectional suffixes
- Inflectionally suffixes
- Inflective suffixes
Câu hỏi 4: ……………………………………………., some prefixes express the difference between a transitive and an intransitive verb: stay v and outstay (smb) v t. With a few exceptions prefixes modify the stem for time (pre-t post-), place (in-, ad-), negation (un-, dis-) and remain semantically rather independent of the stem
- Precede a verb stem
- Precedence a verb stem
- Preceding a verb stem
- To precede a verb stem
Câu hỏi 5: ……………………………………exist in language and are reproduced in speech as ready-made units, whereas free word groups or combinations are created in speech every time we need them.
Set expressions- Set phrases
- Set sayings
- Set terms
Câu hỏi 6: …………………………..distinguishes between the three closely connected components with meaning, that is 1) the sound-form of the linguistic sign, 2) the concept underlying this sound form and 3) the referent, i.e. the part or aspect of reality to which the linguistic sign refers
- Referential Approach
- Referent Approach
- Referred Approach
- Referring Approach
Câu hỏi 7: A form is said to be free if it may stand alone without changing its meaning; if not, it is a bound form, so called because …………………………
- It is always bound by something else.
- It is always bound for something else.
- It is always bound to something else.
- It is always bound with something else.
Câu hỏi 8: A metaphor is a figure of speech that refers to something as being the same as another thing for rhetorical effect. It may provide …………………………….. …………….hidden similarities between two ideas. Where a compares two items, a metaphor directly equates them, and does not use “like” or “as” as does a simile.
- Clarifying or identify
- Clarity or identification
- Clarity or identify
- Clarity or identifying
Câu hỏi 9: A morpheme is also an association of a given meaning with……………………………………………….. But unlike a word it is not autonomous. Morphemes occur in speech only as constituent parts of words, not independently, although a word may consist of a single morpheme
- A given sound model
- A given sound pattern
- A given sound track
- A giving sound pattern
Câu hỏi 10: A prefix is a derivational morpheme standing before the root and………………………………………., cf. to hearten – to dishearten. It is only with verbs and statives that a prefix may serve to distinguish one part of speech from another, like in earth n–unearth v, sleep n – asleep
- Modification meaning
- Modificative meaning
- Modifiermeaning
- Modifying meaning
Câu hỏi 11: A suffix is a …………………………………………………………………. following the stem and forming a new derivative in a different part of speech or a different word class, cf. – en, – y, – less in hearten, hearty, heartless
- Derivation morpheme
- Derivational morpheme
- Derivative morpheme
- Derived morpheme
Câu hỏi 12: A word is a minimum free form. A morpheme is said to be either bound or free. This statement should be taken with caution. It means that ………………………………………………………………………….forming words without adding other morphemes: that is, they are homonymous to free forms
- Some morphemes are capable of
- Some morphemes are capable about
- Some morphemes are capable for
- Some morphemes are capable for
Câu hỏi 13: A compound is a unit of vocabulary which …………………………………….more than one lexical stem. The resulting compound functions as a single item with specific meaning and grammar
- Consists by
- Consists in
- Consists of
- Consists with
Câu hỏi 14: A specific group of rhyme-motivated compounds are ablaut motivated compounds. Ablaut is a term defining ………………………………………………of two elements, e.g. zigzag; or tick-tock. Ablaut-motivated compounds are used to imitate child-like speech or to stress interjections
- Vowel change or alternating
- Vowel change or alternation
- Vowel changed or alternation
- Vowel changing or alternation
Câu hỏi 15: According to the role they play in constructing words, morphemes are subdivided into roots and affixes. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. into prefixes, suffixes and infixes
- The last are further subdivided, according to their position
- The later are further subdivided, according to their position
- The latest are further subdivided, according to their position
- The latter are further subdivided, according to their position
Câu hỏi 16: All major works on semantic theory have so far been based on referential concepts of meaning. The best known referential model of meaning is ……………………………
- The so-called “basic triangle”
- The first-called “basic triangle”
- The then-called “basic triangle”
- The too-called “basic triangle”
Câu hỏi 17: An English word does not necessarily contain formatives indicating to what part of speech it belongs. This holds true ………………………………………………………i.e. nouns, verbs, adjectives. Not all roots are free forms, but productive roots, i.e. roots capable of producing new words, usually are
- Even with respect about inflexible parts of speech,
- Even with respect for inflexible parts of speech,
- Even with respect of inflexible parts of speech,
- Even with respect to inflexible parts of speech,
Câu hỏi 18: An infix is ………………………………………………………………placed with in the word, like – n – in stand. The type is not productive
- A affix
- An affix
- An affixation
- An affixational
Câu hỏi 19: Antonyms are words of the same part of speech, but opposite in meaning. Many words, especially those denoting concrete objects (chair, tree, tiger) have no antonyms. Usually adjectives denoting qualities, verbs ……………………….. actions or state and abstract nouns have antonyms
- Denotation
- Denotational
- Denotative
- Denoting
Câu hỏi 20: Blending is also a new, trendy and …………………………………………which “blends”, i.e. joins fragments of two or more words to create a new form. The meaning is being retained. Enough of the lexeme is usually retained so that the elements are recognisable.
- Eye-catched process
- Eye-catching process
- Eye-catchprocess
- Eye-caughtprocess
Câu hỏi 21: Clipping is ……………………………….in English language which “economises” words. Clipping “clips”, i.e. shortens lexemes whilst preserves the original meaning. Basically, any part of the word may be clipped:
- A related new trend
- A relation new trend
- A relative new trend
- A relatively new trend
Câu hỏi 22: Clippings, blendings and acronyms are subclasses of so called “portmanteau words” ………………………………………… fragments of two or more words
- Which consist of
- Which consist in
- Which consist on
- Which consist with
Câu hỏi 23: Criteria of synonymity is interchangeability. ………………………………………….. that neither the traditional definition of synonyms nor the new version provide for any objective criterion of similarity of meaning.
- It should be pointed about
- It should be pointed at
- It should be pointed out
- It should be pointed with
Câu hỏi 24: Denotation expresses a notion. Denotation is objective, it reflects objective reality through notions. The other part of meaning may express ……………………. …………of the speaker to the object of speech, or it may characterize the role of the speaker in the process of communication.
- A personal attitude
- A person attitude
- A personification attitude
- A personifying attitude
Câu hỏi 25: Derivational suffixes ……………………………………………… of the original word: they may change the word class, specify the word or generalise it. Most scholars recognise suffixes forming nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs
- Effectionmodify the meaning
- Effective modify the meaning
- Effectively modify the meaning
- Effectiveness modify the meaning
Câu hỏi 26: Descripitive lexicology studies the words at a synchronic aspect. It is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as they exist at the …………………………….. time
- Present
- Presentation
- Presented
- Presenting
Câu hỏi 27: Dictionaries of alphabetic languages list words in alphabetical order. With non-alphabetic languages, it may be different. The order in a dictionary with ideographic entries such as Chinese character is often troublesome and ……………………………………… because each character has different readings.
- Controversial
- Controversiality
- Controversialy
- Controversy
Câu hỏi 28: General lexicography …………………………………………., use and evaluation of general dictionaries, i.e. dictionaries that provide a description of the language in general use. Such a dictionary is usually called a general dictionary or LGP dictionary (Language for General Purpose).
- Focuses about the design, compilation
- Focuses at the design, compilation
- Focuses on the design, compilation
- Focuses onto the design, compilation
Câu hỏi 29: General Lexicology is part of General Linguistics; it is concerned with the study of vocabulary ……………………… the specific features of any particular language
- Irrespective of
- Irrespective for
- Irrespective from
- Irrespective with
Câu hỏi 30: Grammar, which is inseparably bound up with Lexicology, is the study of the grammatical …………………… of language
- Causes
- Reasons
- Results
- Structure
Câu hỏi 31: Historical or diachronic lexicology deals with ……………………………. of the vocabulary and the changes it has undergone. Ex. In descriptive lexicology the words « to take « ,«to adopt « are considered to be English not to be different from such native words as « child »,» foot «,» stone « etc. But in historical lexicology they are treated as borrowed words.
- Develop
- Developing
- The developed
- The development
Câu hỏi 32: If we realize that suffixes render the most general semantic component of the word’s lexical meaning…………………………………………………………………………………….., the reason why suffixes are as a rule semantically fused with the stem stands explained
- By mark the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word belongs
- By marked the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word belongs
- By marker the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word belongs
- By marking the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word belongs
Câu hỏi 33: In an encyclopaedia the entry influenza discloses the causes, symptoms, characteristics and varieties of this disease, various treatments of and remedies for it, ways of infection, etc. Though, ………………………………., it is with linguistic dictionaries that lexicology is closely connected and in our further consideration
- Strict speak
- Strict speaking
- Strictly speak
- Strictly speaking
Câu hỏi 34: It is easily observed that the sound form of the word is not ……………….There is no inherent connection between the sound cluster [d/\v] and the meaning of the word dove
- Identical with its meaning
- Identication with its meaning
- Identified with its meaning
- Identity with its meaning
Câu hỏi 35: It may be easily ……………………………………………………….that the lexical meaning of the word “ boy ” and the lexical meaning of the root-morpheme boy — in such words as boyhood, boyish and others are very much the same
- Observation
- Observe
- Observed
- Observing
Câu hỏi 36: It will at once be noticed that the root in English is very often homonymous with the word. This fact is of fundamental importance as ………………………………………………………………………………………………………arising from its general grammatical system on the one hand, and from its phonemic system on the other
- .It is one of the most specification features of the English language
- It is one of the most specifiable features of the English language.
- It is one of the most specific features of the English language
- It is one of the most specified features of the English language
Câu hỏi 37: Lexical meaning is not indivisible, it ……………………….. ………………….in three components: denotational, connotational, and pragmatic.
- may be analyzed
- may be analysis
- may be analytic
- may be analytical
Câu hỏi 38: Lexicography, the science, of dictionary-compiling, is closely connected with lexicology, both dealing with the same problems — the form, meaning, usage and origin of vocabulary units — and making ………………….of each other’s achievements.
- Use
- Useful
- Usefulness
- Useless
Câu hỏi 39: Lexicology also ……………………….. all kinds of semantic relations (synonyms, antonyms etc) and semantic grouping (semantic fields)
- Studies
- Deal
- Does
- Learns
Câu hỏi 40: Lexicology is ……………………………. ………………………………derivational affixes, the other group being the domain of grammarians. The derivational affixes in fact, as well as the whole problem of word-formation, form a boundary area between lexicology and grammar and are therefore studied in both
- Primarily concerned by
- Primarily concerned of
- Primarily concerned to
- Primarily concerned with
Câu hỏi 41: Lexicology is …………………. with words, variable word-groups, phraseological units, and with morphemes which make up words
- Concerned
- Dealt
- Getting on
- Relation
Câu hỏi 42: Lexicology is a branch of linguistics which studies the ……………………………. of a language
- Grammar
- Parts of speech
- Semantics
- Vocabulary
Câu hỏi 43: Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, the …………………… of language.
- Science
- Calculation
- Research
- Technology
Câu hỏi 44: Many English words consist of a single root-morpheme, so when we say that most morphemes possess …………………………………………… we imply mainly the root-morphemes in such words
- Lexical meaning .
- Lexical meaningful
- Lexical meanness
- Lexical means
Câu hỏi 45: Metaphor : a figure of speech based on similarity (hidden comparison between the object/ notion ……………………………………… denoted by the word and the object/notion in question.).Metaphor gives freshness and vivacity to speech.
- General
- Generalized
- Generalizing
- Generally
Câu hỏi 46: Morphological motivation implies a direct connection between ………………………………………………… of the word and its lexical meaning. One-morpheme words, e.g., sing, tell are non-motivated. The meaning of words composed of more than one morpheme is the combined meaning of the morphemes and the meaning of the structural pattern of the word itself
- The morphological structure
- The morpheme structure
- The morphemic structure
- The morphology structure
Câu hỏi 47: Motivation denotes the relationship between ………………………………………………………………………and structural pattern of the word on the one hand, and its meaning on the other. Motivation can be of three types: morphological, phonetical and sematic.
- The phonemic or morphemic composition
- The phoneme or morphemic composition
- The phonemic or morpheme composition
- The phonetic or morphemic composition
Câu hỏi 48: Nowadays there is no …………… of the meaning, or rather a definition all the basic features of meaning and being simultaneously time operational
- Universally accepted definition
- Universal accepted definition
- Universally accepting definition
- Universe accepted definition
Câu hỏi 49: One part of meaning expressing a notion is called denotation. ………………………………………………..establishes correlation between the name and the object, process or characteristic feature of concrete reality (or thought) which is denoted by the given word.
- Denotational meaning
- Denotation meaning
- Denotative meaning
- Denoting meaning
Câu hỏi 50: Phraseological fusions are word-groups with a completely changed meaning but, in contrast to the unities, they are demotivated, that is, their meaning cannot be ……………………….. ………………the meanings of the constituent parts; the metaphor, on which the shift of m.eaning was based, has lost its clarity and is obscure.
- Đeduced away
- Deduced by
- Deduced from
- Deduced with
Câu hỏi 51: Phraseological unities are word-groups with a completely changed meaning, that is, the meaning of the unit does not correspond to the meanings of its constituent parts. They are ………………………………..or, putting it another way, the meaning of the whole unit can be deduced from the meanings of the constituent parts.
- Motivated units
- Motivating units
- Motivation units
- Motivative units
Câu hỏi 52: Phraseology is the study of set expressions called phraseological units. These “set expressions are ………………………………………………….idiomatic and reproduced in speech as ready- made units.
- Completely or partially
- Complete or partially
- Completely or partial
- Completeness or partially
Câu hỏi 53: Rhyme-motivated compounds are usually composed of two elements. The major motivating factor is the rhyme, e.g. flower-power; or brain-drain. Formation of ……………….. ………………compounds is a very productive process excessively used in advertising or journalese style and, consequently in everyday speech.
- Rhyme-motivate
- Rhyme-motivated
- Rhyme-motivating
- Rhyme-motivation
Câu hỏi 54: Roots-are main morphemic vehicles of a given idea in a given language at a given stage of its development. A root may be also regarded as the ultimate constituent element which remains ………………………………….. all functional and derivational affixes and does not admit any further analysis
- After the move of
- After the removal for
- After the removal of
- After the removing of
Câu hỏi 55: Some English words can change their word class …………………………………………………….. their form. Thus, they can function as nouns (e.g. a Mother) or as verbs (to mother somebody) without any affixes or inflections. Such change of a word class without any derivative means is called conversion
- Without any change their form.
- Without being changed their form.
- Without being changing their form.
- Without changing their form.
Câu hỏi 56: The ……………………………. ……………..go, goes, went, going, gone possess different grammatical meanings of tense, person, number, but in each form they have one and the same semantic component denoting ‘the process of movement’.
- word-formating
- word-formations
- word-formings
- word-forms
Câu hỏi 57: The …………………………………is the meaning proper to the given linguistic unit in all its forms and distributions.
- lexical meaning
- lexically meaning
- lexicological meaning
- lexicology meaning
Câu hỏi 58: The basic principle of …………………is that words do not exist in isolation. The meanings of words are defined through the sense relations they have with other words
- A structural semantic approach
- A structural semantics approach
- A structural semasiological approach
- A structural semasiology approach
Câu hỏi 59: The branch of lexicology devoted to the study of meaning is called semasiology. Meaning is a realization of a notion or a motion………………..definite language system.
- By means of
- For means of
- In means of
- Through means of
Câu hỏi 60: The definition of the meaning is especially difficult …………………… …………………………….the process by which language and human consciousness serve to reflect the reality and adopt it to human needs
- Due to the complexity of
- Due at the complexity of
- Due for the complexity of
- Due onto the complexity of
Câu hỏi 61: The modern approach to ……………. the assumption that the inner form of the word presents a structure which is called the semantic structure of the word
- Semasiology is based on
- Semasiology is based at
- Semasiology is based onto
- Semasiology is based with
Câu hỏi 62: The semantic realization of an English word is therefore very specific. ………………………………………………………………………….by the widespread occurrence of homonymy both among root morphemes and affixes
- Its dependence on distribution is further enhanced
- Its dependence for distribution is further enhanced
- Its dependence onto distribution is further enhanced
- Its dependence upon distribution is further enhanced
Câu hỏi 63: The subjective part of meaning is the connotation of the word. ……………………… ……………… are subjective, they characterize the speaker, his attitude, his social role. There are four types of connotation:
- Connotate
- Connotations
- Connotative
- Connotatively
Câu hỏi 64: The term morpheme is derived from Gr morphe ‘form’+ eme. Linguists to ……………………………………………or the minimum distinctive feature have adopted the Greek suffix – eme. (Cf. phoneme, sememe). The morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of form
- Denotation the smallest unit
- Denotative the smallest unit
- Denote the smallest unit
- Denoting the smallest unit
Câu hỏi 65: There are many different types of English dictionaries. First of all they may all be roughly divided into two groups — encyclopaedic and linguistic. The two groups of …………………………………differ essentially in the choice of items included and in the sort of information given about them.
- Reference books
- Referent
- Referential
- Referring books
Câu hỏi 66: Unlike roots, affixes are always bound forms…………………………………………………………………., it will be remembered, is not confined to their respective position, suffixes being «fixed after» and prefixes «fixed before» the stem. It also concerns their function and meaning
- The difference between suffixes and prefixes
- The difference between suffixals and prefixes
- The difference between suffixation and prefixes
- The difference between suffixes and prefixation
